Dental Biomechanics
Pedram Akhlaghi; Setareh Khorshidparast; Gholamreza Rouhi
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 263-277
Abstract
Today, the success and failure of treatment by dental implants is influenced by the concept of primary and secondary stability. Primary stability is the capacity of the bone-implant system to withstand the loads, without noticeable damage to the adjacent bone, which may cause the implant to loosen, and ...
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Today, the success and failure of treatment by dental implants is influenced by the concept of primary and secondary stability. Primary stability is the capacity of the bone-implant system to withstand the loads, without noticeable damage to the adjacent bone, which may cause the implant to loosen, and thus the implantation process fails. The aim of this study was to develop a micro-finite element (μFE) model and validate it with an in-vitro mechanical test, in order to evaluate the primary stability of dental implants by measuring the stiffness and ultimate load of the bone-implant system through cyclic compressive loading-unloading test. After bone-implant preparation, a quasi-static compressive step-wise loading-unloading cycles, with a displacement rate of 0.0024 mm/s and displacement-controlled were applied to the bone-implant structure with the amplitudes of 0.04 mm to 1.28 mm. Force-displacement curve and the stiffness of the structure in each step then were obtained. Prior to loading, the bony sample was scanned through a μCT device and a μFE model was developed based on the boundary and loading conditions similar to the in-vitro test to predict the force-displacement curve of the structure. Finally, the predicted force-displacement curve from μFE model was compared with the results of the experimental in-vitro test. Results showed that the predicted force-displacement curve from the μFE model is in agreement with the results of the experimental test. The μFE model developed here has the capability to show the overall response of the bone-implant structure under large deformations, and can also be used as a tool to improve the design of the dental implants, with the ultimate goal of increasing the stability of dental implants in immediate loading dental implants.
Dental Biomechanics
Pedram Akhlaghi; Setareh Khorshidparast; Gholamreza Rouhi; Hamidreza Barikani
Volume 15, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 151-159
Abstract
Primary stability is the initial mechanical engagement of the implant with its neighboring bone, which can be assessed through in-vitro assessment of stiffness and the ultimate load of the bone-implant complex. Implantation and the following loading on an implant after implantation, could cause mechanical ...
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Primary stability is the initial mechanical engagement of the implant with its neighboring bone, which can be assessed through in-vitro assessment of stiffness and the ultimate load of the bone-implant complex. Implantation and the following loading on an implant after implantation, could cause mechanical damage in the peripheral bone, and subsequently, reduce the primary stability of the implant. This study aimed at finding the effects of damage induced in the bone through exerting compressive loading-unloading cycles on the primary stability of the bone-implant system. For this purpose, firstly, a cylindrical bone sample was extracted from the proximal part of a bovine tibia. After implantation and bone-implant preparation, a quasi-static compressive step-wise loading-unloading cycles, with a displacement rate of 0.0024 mm/s and displacement-controlled were applied to the bone-implant structure with the amplitudes of 0.04 mm to 1.28 mm. In each step, after unloading, µCT images was captured from the bone-implant sample. Finally, the stiffness of the structure in each step and ultimate load were obtained from the mechanical test. The distribution of plastic stain in the bone due to loading-unloading of the construct was calculated using digital volume correlation, through correlating the µCT images before and after each loading step. Results of this work showed that increasing the step-wise displacement amplitude from 0 to 0.96 mm caused a stiffness reduction of 40%, compared to the initial stiffness. Also, the digital volume correlation results showed that maximum plastic strain occurred in the neighboring bone in the crestal part of dental implant, and also increasing loading amplitude from 0.64 to 0.96 mm led to 1.5% increase in the maximum plastic strain. It is hoped that results of this kind of investigation can be helpful in optimizing the dental implants design, with the approach of increasing their stability.